Suy
Niệm Tin Mừng Thứ Bẩy tuần 22 Thường Niên
Con người chúng ta thường như có vẻ thù nghịch với Thiên Chúa và với nhau; thật sự con người hay xa lạ với nhau, như thư thánh gởi cho giáo đoàn Côlôxê đã mô tả. Sự thù địch và ghẻ lạnh đã tạo ra thế giới chúng ta đang sống những sự lộn xộn, tàn bạo và đáng sợ. Sự sợ hãi, bạo lực, hận thù được phát triển mạnh mẽ hơn mỗi ngày như chúng ta đã thấy qua báo chí, internet, bao nhiêu cuộc tàn sát dã man trong những tháng vừa qua. Nhưng mục đích cuộc sống của chúng ta không phải là như thế. Chúa Giêsu xuống thế để hòa giải con người tội lỗi chúng ta với Thiên Chúa và con người với nhau qua cái chết của Ngài trên thập tự giá. Việc mà chúng ta chỉ cần phải làm là mở rộng tấm lòng của chúng ta với cuộc sống mới mà Chúa Giêsu đã ban cho chúng ta. Đó là vấn đề trong xã hội ngày nay, nhiều người, ngay cả những người đạo đức là không muốn thay đổi. Chúng ta có thể hạnh phúc và bình an như chúng ta mong muốn, sự lựa chọn luôn luôn là ở nơi chúng ta vì Thiên Chúa cho chúng ta tự do, Ngài không ép buộc chúng ta.
Qua bài Tin Mừng, Chúa Giêsu đã cho chúng ta thấy rằng, luật Sabbath
(kiêng việc ngày Chúa Nhật) đã được ban ra là để giúp đỡ con người, Chử không
phải là được ban ra để là chướng ngại vật cản trở cuộc sống con người chúng ta.
Với Thiên Chúa thì con người và niềm hạnh phúc của con người mới chính là điều
ưu tiên trước hết. Đây là điều chúng ta cần phải luôn nhớ. Chúa Giêsu là Chúa của
ngày Sa-bát; Chính Ngài đã trở thành quy luật của chúng ta, và Ngài đã cai trị
chúng ta với tình yêu thương và lòng thương xót. Chúng ta hãy nhận và coi đó là
luật và là nguyên tắc của chúng ta nữa!
Lạy Chúa, xin biến đổi lòng trí và trái tim của chúng con.
Reflection
SG
Human beings often seem so hostile to God and one another; truly estranged, as the author of Colossians describes it. This hostility and estrangement has created the messy and frightening world we live in. The fear, violence, and hatred seem to grow stronger daily. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Jesus reconciled humanity to God and one another through his death on the cross. All we have to do is open ourselves to this new life that Jesus offers us. That is the problem — many people, even religious people, simply do not want to change. We can be as happy and at peace as we want to be — the choice is always ours. God does not force us.
Some who were sticklers for the rules were angry that the disciples of Jesus had eaten some grain in the fields on the Sabbath. This was forbidden. But Jesus pointed out a time when David and his men were hungry and in great need. They entered the temple and ate the bread of the Presence, which was forbidden to all but the priests. His point was that Sabbath rules were made to help people, not set up obstacles to hinder their journey. People and their well-being count first. This is something we need to remember continually. Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath — he himself has become our rule, and his rule is love and mercy. Let that be our rule too!
Saturday 22nd Ordinary
Time
“The Son of Man is lord of the sabbath.” Luke 6:5
This short yet powerful statement by Jesus was spoken in response to the Pharisees who questioned Jesus as to why His disciples were apparently doing what was unlawful on the sabbath. They were walking through a field of grain, picking grain as they walked, and eating it for nourishment on their journey from one town to another.
This challenge from the Pharisees highlights their scrupulous approach to the moral law. Recall the Third Commandment given through Moses: “Remember the sabbath day—keep it holy. Six days you may labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a sabbath of the LORD your God. You shall not do any work…” (Exodus 20:8–10). From this Commandment, the Pharisees had developed a complex commentary which went into great detail about what kind of work was forbidden on the Sabbath in their view. One such regulation was to pick and mill grain. Thus, they judged that this was what the disciples were doing and were, therefore, violating the Third Commandment.
The laws of God, as they are given by God, must be followed perfectly. His divine Law refreshes us, enlivens us and enables us to live in union with Him. The Pharisees, however, deeply struggled with a need to control the lives of the people through their human interpretation of the divine Law. By saying that “The Son of Man is lord of the sabbath,” Jesus made it clear that this scrupulous interpretation of the Third Commandment taught by the Pharisees did not align with the truths of that divine Law.
One lesson to learn from this encounter is that each one of us can easily fall into a similar trap. It’s easy to replace God’s true Law with our perception of faith and morality. We are weak human beings, and there are many things that affect our thinking and our convictions in life. Emotions, habits, family relationships, friendships, media and so many other things affect us in powerful ways. Sometimes for good and sometimes for ill. We can easily arrive at certain judgments of faith and morality that are slightly erroneous, being based on subtle errors. As a result, we can easily begin to get off track in our thinking and convictions and, over time, can find that we have deviated far from the truths of God. When this happens, it can be difficult to humbly admit it and change our convictions.
Reflect, today, upon the humble truth that Jesus and Jesus alone is Lord of the divine Law. This means that we must perpetually remain open to changing our opinions when we hear our Lord speak to us. Ponder any way in which you have become overly attached to your own opinions. If they bring forth peace, joy, charity and the like, then they are most likely in union with God. If they are burdensome, a cause of confusion, contention or frustration, then you may need to step back and humbly reexamine the convictions you hold, so that He Who is Lord of all will be able to speak His divine Law to you more clearly.
Lord of all Truth, You and You alone are the guide of my life. You and You alone are the Truth. Help me to be humble, dear Lord, so that I can recognize any error in my convictions and turn to You and Your divine Law as the one and only guide for my life. Jesus, I trust in You.
Saturday 22nd Ordinary
Time 2025
Opening Prayer: Lord God, you have invited me to
share in your divine life. Only in union with your Son and filled with your
Spirit can I attain this life. Thank you for the gift of the Eucharist, which
sustains me on my journey to you.
Encountering the Word of God
1. The Lord of the Sabbath: In Galilee, Jesus establishes who he is subtly through his words and actions. In Nazareth, he presented himself as the Messiah who inaugurates the Great Jubilee of God’s mercy. In these first chapters dealing with his public ministry in Galilee, Jesus has been called the Holy One of God and the Son of God. Simon Peter, the fisherman, called him “master” at first, but came to believe in him and called him “Lord.” Jesus has also referred to himself as the divine bridegroom. In today’s Gospel, Jesus refers to himself as both “the Son of Man” and the “Lord of the Sabbath.” These are all invitations to us to enter into the mystery of Jesus’ identity and Person. Only God is Lord of the Sabbath. Only the true Son of Man has both divine and human characteristics. The Lord of the Sabbath is the one who brings the original Sabbath to its fulfillment. The Sabbath was the sign of God’s covenant with creation and humanity. It was an invitation to rest from the labors of the week and enjoy God’s presence in worship and family. It became a remembrance of God’s deliverance. It was transformed by Christ into the memorial of his passion, death, and resurrection. It is now a day that looks forward in the Spirit to the glorious consummation of all things and our eternal rest with God the Father in heaven.
2. The New Priests: In his dispute with the Pharisees,
Jesus challenges them to look beyond the narrow letter of the Law and their
burdensome human traditions and to embrace the new life that he brings. Jesus
compares himself to David and his disciples to David’s companions. He refers to
an episode in the Old Testament, when King Saul was seeking to destroy David,
and when Ahimelech, the priest of Nob, gave the Bread of the Presence to David
and his men to eat. Among the people of Nob, there was also a servant of King
Saul, Doeg the Edomite. He was the chief of Saul’s shepherds. Doeg acted as a
spy and told Saul where David was and who helped him. Saul then killed
Ahimelech, Ahimelech’s family, over 80 priests of the Lord, and the men, women,
children, and animals in the priestly city of Nob. What Jesus hints at is that
the Pharisees were acting like the wicked spy Doeg and were trying to trap
Jesus and his disciples. Jesus is telling them that their religious authority
over Israel is ending and a new priesthood, gathered around the new David, is
beginning. Just as David and his men were not guilty because they ate the Bread
of the Presence that only the priests could eat, so also Jesus and his
disciples are not guilty because they picked heads of grain, rubbed them, and
ate them on the Sabbath. Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath, and his disciples will
soon replace the Pharisees as the religious authorities over Israel.
3. A Deacon of the Gospel: In his Letter to the Colossians, Paul
refers to himself as a “minister (diakonos: deacon) of the Gospel.” He
moves from the big picture of God’s creation of the world and reconciliation of
all things in Christ to the Christian community in Colossae. To drive home the
transformation that Christ has brought about in their lives, he employs the
strongest possible language: “you who once were alienated and hostile in mind
because of evil deeds” (see Hamm, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon,
180). They have been brought from lives of sin in a sinful Gentile culture to a
life of holiness through reconciliation in Christ’s body. “They have been made
holy by their baptism, and God’s purpose is to bring that holiness to
perfection. The goal of being presented to God fully perfected requires a
Christian response to God’s initiatives of creation and redemption, celebrated
in verses 15-20 applied to the Colossians in verses 21-22” (Hamm, Philippians,
Colossians, Philemon, 181). Paul and Epaphras have been “deacons” of the
Gospel and seek to share in the Church’s mission of preaching the Gospel to the
entire world, to all human beings everywhere.
Conversing with Christ: Lord Jesus, lead me to imitate you
and truly share in your life. I am a member of the New People of God and need
to bring the Gospel to others so that they can fully live as members of God’s
People.
Saturday 22nd Ordinary
Time 2024
Opening Prayer: Lord God, you have invited me to
share in your divine life. Only in union with your Son and filled with your
Spirit can I attain this life. Thank you for the gift of the Eucharist which
sustains me on my journey to you.
Encountering the Word of God
1. Jesus’ Response to the Pharisees: The observance of the Sabbath rest is one of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11; Deuteronomy 5:12-15). The Sabbath rest enabled the people of Israel to worship God without the distractions of work and recalled God’s original plan of creation: to have human beings enter into communion with God and share in his rest. The Sabbath expressed the covenant between God and Israel and was a way for Israel to imitate God and share in his holy rest. The Pharisees accused Jesus’ disciples of violating the Sabbath since they were gathering crops (Exodus 34:21). Jesus responded to the Pharisees’ accusation in three ways. He first points out that his disciples were hungry and that, because of their need, their actions of gathering grain on the Sabbath and eating it did not violate the Sabbath rest. Second, Jesus also revealed himself as the new David. The exception made for David and his men should also be made for Jesus and his disciples. Jesus and his disciples are like the priests in the Temple, who were allowed to break the Sabbath when they replaced the Bread of the Presence on the Sabbath. Third, Jesus called himself the “Lord of the Sabbath.” He placed himself above the Sabbath and, in doing so, proclaimed his divinity. Jesus, with his community of disciples, formed the origin and center of a New Israel (Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, vol. 1, 114). Jesus’ disciples will ultimately find the rest they seek in him. The new family of God is formed not by adherence to the Old Law of the Torah, but by adherence to Jesus himself and his New Law.
2. Bringing the God of Israel to All Nations: Jesus is God and was
able to bring the Old Law (the Torah) to fulfillment in the New Law. In this
way, Israel will be able to fulfill its vocation to be a light to all the
nations. What Jesus does in his teaching is bring the God of Israel to the
nations, so that all the nations can now pray to God and recognize Israel’s
Scriptures as the word of the living God. Jesus “has brought the gift of
universality, which was the one great definitive promise to Israel and the
world. This universality, this faith in the one God of Abraham, Isaac, and
Jacob – extended now in Jesus’ new family to all nations over and above the
bonds of descent according to the flesh – is the fruit of Jesus’ work. It is
what proves him to be the Messiah. It signals a new interpretation of the
messianic promise that is based on Moses and the Prophets, but also opens them
up in a completely new way” (Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, vol. 1,
116-117). The Apostles are servants of Christ and trustworthy stewards of the
mysteries of God and will bring these mysteries – the sacraments – to all the
nations.
3. Imitating Jesus and Paul: The Corinthians can
learn humility from Paul and Apollos, who stay within the limits set out by
what is written in Sacred Scripture. “Paul reprimands self-righteous Christians
for their egotism and unfair criticisms. Although he describes them as wise and
prosperous, his rhetorical irony implies the opposite, i.e., they are ignorant
and impoverished. Their refusal to embrace the foolishness of Christ exposes
their pride and reveals how petty their problems look compared to the humiliation
of the apostles” (Ignatius Catholic Study Bible: New Testament, 289). On
account of Christ, Paul and the other Apostles have become like publicly
disgraced criminals, fools in the eyes of the world, weak; they are held in
disrepute, hungry and thirsty, poorly clad, roughly treated, homeless; and they
have to work and toil to sustain themselves. They are ridiculed and persecuted,
slandered, and treated like rubbish and scum. Paul admonishes the Christians in
Corinth, not to shame them, but to lead them to Christ through the Gospel. Paul
considers himself a father to the Corinthians, having brought them new life
through the Gospel (2 Corinthians 12:14). Jesus is the way, the truth, and the
life. No one comes to the Father except through him. Through the calling of the
twelve Apostles, Jesus forms the new Israel as the New People of God. As
Christians, we are called to imitate Jesus’ humility and meekness of heart.
Throughout the centuries many saints, like Paul, offer to Christians models
worthy of imitation.
Conversing with Christ: Lord Jesus, lead me to imitate you
and truly share in your life. I am a member of the New People of God and need
to bring the Gospel to others so that they can fully live as members of God’s
People.
Saturday 22nd Ordinary
Time 2023
Opening
Prayer: Dear Lord Jesus, thank
you for the honor of praying before you. I need you in my life. You are my
foundation, my strength, and my joy. Please increase my faith, hope, and love
so that I may cling ever more to you in all that I do.
Encountering
Christ:
Simplicity of Heart: There is a strong contrast between the Pharisees' hypocrisy and the apostles' simplicity. The problem was not the Pharisees’ zeal for the law. In another passage, Jesus defended their authority to teach: “The scribes and the Pharisees have taken their seat on the chair of Moses. Therefore, do and observe all things whatsoever they tell you” (Matthew 23:2-3a). The problem was their disposition. Our Lord continued, “but do not follow their example. For they preach but do not practice. They tie up heavy burdens… and lay them on people’s shoulders, but they will not lift a finger to move them” (Matthew 23:3b-4). The Pharisees seemed to exercise their authority in a controlling and oppressive manner towards others while allowing themselves much leeway (Matthew 15:3-6). Again, this passage shows their heavy-handed criticism of the apostles. For their part, the hungry apostles simply reached for some food. While the apostles struggled with ambition and vanity (Mark 9:34), there remained in them a childlike simplicity born from sincerity (John 1:47).
Defending
His Own: The Pharisees and
scribes frequently attacked Jesus, accusing him of being possessed or mad,
setting verbal traps for him, and the like (Matthew 12:24; Mark 12:14). In such
instances, he bore it with great patience, although he would correct their errors
and call out their hypocrisy. However, when the Pharisees attacked his
apostles, Jesus never failed to come quickly and firmly to their rescue. Here,
he defended their simply satiating their hunger. In another passage, Jesus
quickly clarified Peter’s confusion about Jesus’s payment of the temple tax by
working a miracle (Matthew 17:24-26). When Judas brought the temple guard to
arrest Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, Our Lord said that he was the one for
whom they came so that they should let the apostles go (John 18:8). Jesus will
allow us to suffer in following him, but he will also protect and strengthen us
on our journey. Our Lord looks after his own.
Lord
of the Sabbath: “The Son of Man
is lord of the Sabbath.” Throughout his public life, Jesus frequently affirmed
his authority. More than once, Jesus said or implied this: “Moses said… but I
say to you” (Matthew 5:21-22; Matthew 5:27-28; Matthew 19:7-9). He unambiguously
declared that he is a greater authority than Moses. So,
too, in this passage, Jesus’s ultimate argument in defense of his apostles was
his own authority. The same relationship holds between Jesus and his Church.
The Church has authority and power from its union with the Lord, and Jesus
promised to uphold that union until the end of time (Matthew 28:20). Our
confidence in the Church is rooted in our confidence in Jesus and in his
promises.
Conversing
with Christ: Dear Lord Jesus, I
thank you for your protective and provident love. You never allow me to be
tempted beyond my ability to resist. You have frequently come to my aid. Please
help me to grow in simplicity of heart so that I may avoid the pitfalls of
hypocrisy and insincerity. I realize that I need purification and will entrust
myself to your loving hands.
Con người chúng ta thường như có vẻ thù nghịch với Thiên Chúa và với nhau; thật sự con người hay xa lạ với nhau, như thư thánh gởi cho giáo đoàn Côlôxê đã mô tả. Sự thù địch và ghẻ lạnh đã tạo ra thế giới chúng ta đang sống những sự lộn xộn, tàn bạo và đáng sợ. Sự sợ hãi, bạo lực, hận thù được phát triển mạnh mẽ hơn mỗi ngày như chúng ta đã thấy qua báo chí, internet, bao nhiêu cuộc tàn sát dã man trong những tháng vừa qua. Nhưng mục đích cuộc sống của chúng ta không phải là như thế. Chúa Giêsu xuống thế để hòa giải con người tội lỗi chúng ta với Thiên Chúa và con người với nhau qua cái chết của Ngài trên thập tự giá. Việc mà chúng ta chỉ cần phải làm là mở rộng tấm lòng của chúng ta với cuộc sống mới mà Chúa Giêsu đã ban cho chúng ta. Đó là vấn đề trong xã hội ngày nay, nhiều người, ngay cả những người đạo đức là không muốn thay đổi. Chúng ta có thể hạnh phúc và bình an như chúng ta mong muốn, sự lựa chọn luôn luôn là ở nơi chúng ta vì Thiên Chúa cho chúng ta tự do, Ngài không ép buộc chúng ta.
Lạy Chúa, xin biến đổi lòng trí và trái tim của chúng con.
Human beings often seem so hostile to God and one another; truly estranged, as the author of Colossians describes it. This hostility and estrangement has created the messy and frightening world we live in. The fear, violence, and hatred seem to grow stronger daily. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Jesus reconciled humanity to God and one another through his death on the cross. All we have to do is open ourselves to this new life that Jesus offers us. That is the problem — many people, even religious people, simply do not want to change. We can be as happy and at peace as we want to be — the choice is always ours. God does not force us.
Some who were sticklers for the rules were angry that the disciples of Jesus had eaten some grain in the fields on the Sabbath. This was forbidden. But Jesus pointed out a time when David and his men were hungry and in great need. They entered the temple and ate the bread of the Presence, which was forbidden to all but the priests. His point was that Sabbath rules were made to help people, not set up obstacles to hinder their journey. People and their well-being count first. This is something we need to remember continually. Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath — he himself has become our rule, and his rule is love and mercy. Let that be our rule too!
“The Son of Man is lord of the sabbath.” Luke 6:5
This short yet powerful statement by Jesus was spoken in response to the Pharisees who questioned Jesus as to why His disciples were apparently doing what was unlawful on the sabbath. They were walking through a field of grain, picking grain as they walked, and eating it for nourishment on their journey from one town to another.
This challenge from the Pharisees highlights their scrupulous approach to the moral law. Recall the Third Commandment given through Moses: “Remember the sabbath day—keep it holy. Six days you may labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a sabbath of the LORD your God. You shall not do any work…” (Exodus 20:8–10). From this Commandment, the Pharisees had developed a complex commentary which went into great detail about what kind of work was forbidden on the Sabbath in their view. One such regulation was to pick and mill grain. Thus, they judged that this was what the disciples were doing and were, therefore, violating the Third Commandment.
The laws of God, as they are given by God, must be followed perfectly. His divine Law refreshes us, enlivens us and enables us to live in union with Him. The Pharisees, however, deeply struggled with a need to control the lives of the people through their human interpretation of the divine Law. By saying that “The Son of Man is lord of the sabbath,” Jesus made it clear that this scrupulous interpretation of the Third Commandment taught by the Pharisees did not align with the truths of that divine Law.
One lesson to learn from this encounter is that each one of us can easily fall into a similar trap. It’s easy to replace God’s true Law with our perception of faith and morality. We are weak human beings, and there are many things that affect our thinking and our convictions in life. Emotions, habits, family relationships, friendships, media and so many other things affect us in powerful ways. Sometimes for good and sometimes for ill. We can easily arrive at certain judgments of faith and morality that are slightly erroneous, being based on subtle errors. As a result, we can easily begin to get off track in our thinking and convictions and, over time, can find that we have deviated far from the truths of God. When this happens, it can be difficult to humbly admit it and change our convictions.
Reflect, today, upon the humble truth that Jesus and Jesus alone is Lord of the divine Law. This means that we must perpetually remain open to changing our opinions when we hear our Lord speak to us. Ponder any way in which you have become overly attached to your own opinions. If they bring forth peace, joy, charity and the like, then they are most likely in union with God. If they are burdensome, a cause of confusion, contention or frustration, then you may need to step back and humbly reexamine the convictions you hold, so that He Who is Lord of all will be able to speak His divine Law to you more clearly.
Lord of all Truth, You and You alone are the guide of my life. You and You alone are the Truth. Help me to be humble, dear Lord, so that I can recognize any error in my convictions and turn to You and Your divine Law as the one and only guide for my life. Jesus, I trust in You.
1. The Lord of the Sabbath: In Galilee, Jesus establishes who he is subtly through his words and actions. In Nazareth, he presented himself as the Messiah who inaugurates the Great Jubilee of God’s mercy. In these first chapters dealing with his public ministry in Galilee, Jesus has been called the Holy One of God and the Son of God. Simon Peter, the fisherman, called him “master” at first, but came to believe in him and called him “Lord.” Jesus has also referred to himself as the divine bridegroom. In today’s Gospel, Jesus refers to himself as both “the Son of Man” and the “Lord of the Sabbath.” These are all invitations to us to enter into the mystery of Jesus’ identity and Person. Only God is Lord of the Sabbath. Only the true Son of Man has both divine and human characteristics. The Lord of the Sabbath is the one who brings the original Sabbath to its fulfillment. The Sabbath was the sign of God’s covenant with creation and humanity. It was an invitation to rest from the labors of the week and enjoy God’s presence in worship and family. It became a remembrance of God’s deliverance. It was transformed by Christ into the memorial of his passion, death, and resurrection. It is now a day that looks forward in the Spirit to the glorious consummation of all things and our eternal rest with God the Father in heaven.
1. Jesus’ Response to the Pharisees: The observance of the Sabbath rest is one of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11; Deuteronomy 5:12-15). The Sabbath rest enabled the people of Israel to worship God without the distractions of work and recalled God’s original plan of creation: to have human beings enter into communion with God and share in his rest. The Sabbath expressed the covenant between God and Israel and was a way for Israel to imitate God and share in his holy rest. The Pharisees accused Jesus’ disciples of violating the Sabbath since they were gathering crops (Exodus 34:21). Jesus responded to the Pharisees’ accusation in three ways. He first points out that his disciples were hungry and that, because of their need, their actions of gathering grain on the Sabbath and eating it did not violate the Sabbath rest. Second, Jesus also revealed himself as the new David. The exception made for David and his men should also be made for Jesus and his disciples. Jesus and his disciples are like the priests in the Temple, who were allowed to break the Sabbath when they replaced the Bread of the Presence on the Sabbath. Third, Jesus called himself the “Lord of the Sabbath.” He placed himself above the Sabbath and, in doing so, proclaimed his divinity. Jesus, with his community of disciples, formed the origin and center of a New Israel (Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, vol. 1, 114). Jesus’ disciples will ultimately find the rest they seek in him. The new family of God is formed not by adherence to the Old Law of the Torah, but by adherence to Jesus himself and his New Law.
Simplicity of Heart: There is a strong contrast between the Pharisees' hypocrisy and the apostles' simplicity. The problem was not the Pharisees’ zeal for the law. In another passage, Jesus defended their authority to teach: “The scribes and the Pharisees have taken their seat on the chair of Moses. Therefore, do and observe all things whatsoever they tell you” (Matthew 23:2-3a). The problem was their disposition. Our Lord continued, “but do not follow their example. For they preach but do not practice. They tie up heavy burdens… and lay them on people’s shoulders, but they will not lift a finger to move them” (Matthew 23:3b-4). The Pharisees seemed to exercise their authority in a controlling and oppressive manner towards others while allowing themselves much leeway (Matthew 15:3-6). Again, this passage shows their heavy-handed criticism of the apostles. For their part, the hungry apostles simply reached for some food. While the apostles struggled with ambition and vanity (Mark 9:34), there remained in them a childlike simplicity born from sincerity (John 1:47).