Chúa Giêsu đã chắc chắn rằng những người theo Ngài là những người sẽ không bao giờ phải cô đơn trong cuộc sống vì Ngài sẽ sai Chúa Thánh Thần là Đấng Bảo Hộ, là Người sẽ An ủi hay là Người bênh vực của Chúa đến để làm chứng, hướng dẫn và giảng dạy chúng ta, những người đã tin theo Chúa. Chúng ta sẽ cần đến Chúa Thánh Thần! Ngài cảnh cáo cho chúng ta biết rằng: Nếu chúng ta theo Chúa sống và làm theo những giáo huấn của Ngài thì thế giới này sẽ ghen ghét và thù nghịch với chúng ta. Và một ngày sẽ đến khi chúng ta sẽ bị một số người bách hại chúng ta nhưng họ cứ nghĩ là họ đã làm đẹp lòng Thiên Chúa. Thật sự như thế cho đến cả hôm nay bao nhiều quốc gia Hồi Giáo quá khích đã gây ra chiến tranh, bạo động và họ cố gắng tiêu giệt các tôn giáo khác, kể cả Thiên Chúa Giáo, họ nghĩ là họ vậy là làm đẹp lòng và trung thành với Thiên Chúa.
Thiên Chúa không bao giờ muốn hay chấp nhận bạo lực hay thù hận vì danh Chúa. Chúng ta hãy cẩn thận, sống làm đẹp lòng Chúa trong lời nói, trong sự suy nghĩ, lời nói của chúng ta không bao giờ có thể thể hiện sự bạo lực, không dung nạp, hoặc hận thù với bất cứ ai vì lý do nào, đặc biệt là liên quan đến Thiên Chúa. Lạy Chúa, xin ban cho con lòng khoan dung và luôn biết tôn trọng người khác.
Many of the first converts to Christianity were women. Paul and his companions met a Greek woman named Lydia outside of Philippi next to a river (there is a beautiful outdoor chapel there now). She was a God-fearer — a pagan who was attracted to Judaism and open to its teachings. The Lord opened her heart; she and her household were baptized, and she extended hospitality to Paul. Often the contributions of women in the church have not been adequately appreciated and recognized, and the Holy Father has called for a greater voice for women. Let us open our own minds and hearts.
Jesus made sure that his followers would never be alone. He left them the Paraclete; comforter or advocate ; to witness, guide, and teach. They would need it! He warned that by following him they would earn the world's hatred. A day would even arrive when those who killed them would think that they were doing God a favor. How true — even today, many resort to violence in the belief that they are being faithful to God. God does not ask for or accept violence or hatred in His name. Let us take care in word, thought, and speech that we do not demonstrate violence, intolerance, or hatred to anyone for any reason, especially concerning God. Lord, grant me tolerance and respect for others.
Jesus said to his disciples: “When the Advocate comes whom I will send you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, he will testify to me. And you also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning.” John 15:26–27
The Last Supper Discourse spans from Chapters 13–17 in John’s Gospel, making it Jesus’ longest continuous teaching in the Gospels. While Chapter 13 begins with Jesus washing the disciples’ feet and teaching humility, it also introduces the promise of the Holy Spirit, the Advocate. Today’s Gospel begins a deeper teaching on the role of the Holy Spirit, a theme we will explore further as we approach the Solemnity of Pentecost in less than two weeks.
The role of the Holy Spirit in this passage is twofold. First, the Holy Spirit is identified as the Spirit of Truth Who will testify to the disciples on Jesus’ behalf. To testify is to bear witness to the truth. A witness in a court of law testifies under oath to safeguard the truthfulness of his or her statement. Even more so, the Holy Spirit’s testimony, spoken deep within the conscience of every soul aligned with God’s will, brings with it moral certitude. When the Holy Spirit speaks, we know what He says is true. This is how we arrive at the certitude of faith in Jesus as our Savior and in the truthfulness of all He taught.
Second, Jesus says, “You also testify.” The Holy Spirit not only testifies to Jesus but also equips the disciples to give testimony about Him to the world. This testimony, as Jesus explains, will not be without cost: “They will expel you from the synagogues; in fact, the hour is coming when everyone who kills you will think he is offering worship to God” (John 16:2). Jesus warns His disciples of this coming hostility so they “may not fall away.” The Holy Spirit will enable them to testify courageously, even in the face of persecution. This assurance was essential for the early Church and remains vital for believers today as we navigate a world often resistant to the Gospel.
The testimony we must give as Christians is rooted in proclaiming the Truth: Jesus is the one and only way to the Father. He alone offers the forgiveness of sins and the gift of salvation. Without turning to Him, we cannot be saved.
In addition to this central message, we must testify to the supporting truths of our faith through both word and action. Faithful attendance at Mass is essential. Confession restores us to grace. Daily prayer draws us closer to God. Mortal sin destroys our union with Him, and Hell is a sobering reality. But the hope of Heaven shines brightly for all who embrace God’s mercy and live in His grace. Penance helps us overcome habitual sin. We are called to love our neighbor, pray for those who persecute us, forgive every offense, and show boundless mercy, even to the most unlovable. Ultimately, we are called to lay down our lives for others in imitation of Christ.
Only the Holy Spirit can equip us with understanding and courage to give this testimony wholeheartedly. Without the Spirit, we are incapable of being faithful witnesses to God’s truth and love. Just as Jesus prepared His disciples for their mission, He now calls us to prepare ourselves through prayer and reliance on the Holy Spirit’s guidance.
To be a witness is to be a martyr in the broadest sense, with a willingness to live a life of sacrificial love, imitating Christ’s offering on the Cross. This is the greatest testimony we can give to a world in need of salvation.
Reflect today on the ways the Holy Spirit might be calling you to give witness to Christ. Are there moments when fear or complacency holds you back from testifying to the truth? Pray for the courage and grace to live boldly as His witness. To be used by God is the greatest honor we can receive. Embrace that honor by allowing the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Truth, to dwell in you and bear witness through you that Jesus is the Savior of the world and the sole path to eternal life.
Most Holy Spirit, Spirit of Truth, please come to me and make Your dwelling within me so that I will know the Truth and be set free. In that freedom, please use me to testify on Jesus’ behalf that He is the Savior of the World and that only through Him can we receive eternal life. May I be a witness to these and every truth You wish to speak through me. Jesus, I trust in You.
Encountering the Word of God
1. Testimony in Philippi: The importance of giving testimony, of bearing witness to Christ through the Spirit, is clear in today’s First Reading. Paul, Silas, Timothy, and Luke all sailed together across the Aegean Sea to proclaim the Gospel in Europe and eventually made their way to Philippi, a leading city in Macedonia. The city was along a major road between Rome and Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul). Many veterans of the Roman legions retired there. “There were few Jews in Philippi, apparently too few to support a formal synagogue, so the missionaries sought out the informal ‘place of prayer’ (proseuche) where Jews and Gentile ‘God-fearers’ gathered on the Sabbath” (Pimentel, Envoy of the Messiah, 7).
2. Lydia: In Philippi, Paul and his companion missionaries encountered Lydia, from the city of Thyatira. Luke tells us that Lydia was “a dealer in purple cloth.” Purple cloth was very difficult to make. A small amount of purple dye required extracting the color from thousands of sea snails and boiling the extraction for 10 days. It seems that Lydia was quite successful in her business and was known for her profession. She was a Gentile believer in the God of Israel. As she listened to Paul’s proclamation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, she was moved by God’s grace and opened her heart to God’s Word. She was drawn from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant. In this way, Lydia became an example and “type” of the Gentile who accepts the Word of God.
3. Lydia’s Mission and Apostolate: On becoming a member of Christ’s mystical body through Baptism, she welcomed the other members of Christ into her home. “No sooner had Lydia been baptized than she undertook her apostolate, beginning with the conversion of her own household and immediately turning to the missionaries, to whom she extended that sacred hospitality (philoxenia) that was so highly valued in the ancient world (cf. Acts 16:15). Suffused with the theological virtue of charity, her hospitality expresses gratitude not only to her human benefactors but, more profoundly, to the Word. The ultimate meaning of her hospitality is thus acceptance of Christ in the person of her befriended stranger (xenos). Although Jews, Paul and Silas did not refuse to stay at the house of this Gentile woman” (Pimentel, Envoy of the Messiah, 8). Through the acceptance of the Gospel and through the Sacrament of Baptism, Lydia and her household joined in a new song of praise to God. They became children of Zion and rejoiced in Christ their king, who has conquered the world and cast out its ruler.
Conversing with Christ: Lord Jesus, I believe in you. You are my Savior and Redeemer. Open my heart, as you opened Lydia’s, to receive your word with faith. Grant that, like her, I may welcome you into my home and order my life in loving service to you.
Jesus said to his disciples: “When the Advocate comes whom I will send you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, he will testify to me. And you also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning.” John 15:26–27
Jesus informs His disciples that “the Spirit of truth” will come and that the Spirit, as well as the disciples, will “testify” to Him. When Jesus first spoke these words to His disciples, they would not have comprehended what He meant. Since these words are prophetic in nature, they are words spoken that were to come to fulfillment and, then, once fulfilled, the words would be understood. So what does Jesus mean?
When we look at the Acts of the Apostles and read about the early Church, it is clear that something incredibly transforming took place after Jesus ascended into Heaven. Up until that time, the disciples and other followers of Jesus had faith, but they were also fearful. They communicated with those others who believed, but did so in secret and with fear. But as soon as Pentecost came and the Holy Spirit, the Advocate, the Spirit of Truth, descended upon them, the Apostles began to be used by God to powerfully proclaim the Gospel without fear and with great effect upon many. It was this experience of the disciples of our Lord, being filled with the Holy Spirit, to which Jesus was referring.
After Jesus died, and perhaps even more so after Jesus ascended into Heaven, it is likely that some of His disciples immediately concluded that the new movement Jesus started was now over. They could have never conceived of the idea that what Jesus started was only beginning. They could have never conceived of the fact that soon they would share in the beginning of the Church, proclaim the Gospel with courage and power, see the conversion of countless lives, witness the ongoing forgiveness of sins, and ultimately give their lives in imitation of our Lord. These disciples had no idea just what awaited them with the coming of the Advocate, the Spirit of Truth. What was awaiting them was their sharing in the ability to “testify” to Jesus by the power of the Holy Spirit. They soon realized that Jesus was actually more alive than ever and that He was now going forth to convert souls by the power of the Holy Spirit and through the instrumentality of all of His new disciples.
The same is true in our lives today. It is far too common for Christians to simply believe in Jesus personally, but then fail to wholeheartedly give testimony to Him by the transforming power of the Holy Spirit. It is far too common for followers of Christ to act more like the disciples prior to the coming of the Holy Spirit. Too often, Christians keep the Gospel to themselves, fearful of giving testimony by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Reflect, today, upon these prophetic words of Jesus. Though these words were initially spoken to the Twelve, Jesus also speaks these words to you today. He wants you, too, to be a witness to Him, giving testimony to others so that they will come to believe. Reflect upon how well you fulfill this prophetic calling. Where you are lacking, pray for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in your life so that God can reach many hearts through you.
Most glorious Jesus, You promised to send upon Your disciples and also upon me the Holy Spirit, the Advocate and Spirit of Truth. Holy Spirit, I welcome You into my life and offer myself to You without reserve to be used to give testimony to the Truth. Please do use me, my God, and touch many lives through me. Jesus, I trust in You.
Opening Prayer: Lord God, send your Spirit of truth, the Advocate, into my heart. Unmask the lies I have welcomed and lead me to be authentic in all that I say, think, and do. Open my ears to hear the testimony of the Spirit.
1. Two Advocates: Both Jesus and the Holy Spirit are referred to as Advocates or Counselors (Paracletes). The word “paraclete” is a legal term in Greek that means an attorney or spokesperson, i.e., someone you call to your side to defend you in a courtroom. Jesus uses the term “for a heavenly intercessor who is called to the side of God’s children to offer strength and support. Jesus is a ‘Paraclete’ because in heaven he pleads to the Father for believers still struggling on earth (1 John 2:1)” (Ignatius Catholic Study Bible, 1917. Jesus is a good Advocate before the Father because, through his Incarnation, he has identified himself with us and has solidarity with us. He was tempted like us, and yet did not fall into temptation. He knows our strengths, our weaknesses, our struggles, and our very real temptations to power, pleasure, and possessions. And yet, he did not sin. He did not, like the old Adam, give in to temptation. His solidarity with us informs his merciful and priestly intercession on our behalf.
3. The Western and Eastern Traditions on the Procession of the Spirit: One of the theological issues that divided Christianity was how to understand the eternal procession of the Holy Spirit. While both the East and the West affirm and confess the divinity of the Spirit, Catholics hold that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, while Orthodox Christians hold that the Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son. The Catechism summarizes that this is not so much a controversy as a legitimate complementarity: “At the outset the Eastern tradition expresses the Father’s character as first origin of the Spirit. By confessing the Spirit as he ‘who proceeds from the Father,’ it affirms that he comes from the Father through the Son (see John 15:26). The Western tradition expresses first the consubstantial communion between Father and Son, by saying that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son (filioque). It says this, ‘legitimately and with good reason,’ (Council of Florence from 1438-1445) for the eternal order of the divine persons in their consubstantial communion implies that the Father, as ‘the principle without principle,’ is the first origin of the Spirit, but also that as Father of the only Son, he is, with the Son, the single principle from which the Holy Spirit proceeds (Second Council of Lyons in 1274). This legitimate complementarity, provided it does not become rigid, does not affect the identity of faith in the reality of the same mystery confessed” (CCC, 248)
Conversing with Christ: Lord Jesus, I contemplate today how the Spirit guided you in your life and guided the Apostles as they preached the Gospel. I pray that I be docile to the action of the Holy Spirit and patient when I do not understand where or how the Spirit is leading me.
Trong Bài Đọc I, một số phép lạ đã xảy ra trong nhà tù. Trước hết, là việc động đất và tất cả các dây xích sắt của các tù nhân đã đuợc cắt đứt và được mở ra, nhưng không tìm cách trốn thoát. Tuy nhiên, phép lạ lớn nhất đấy chính là người cai ngục, người mà luôn ngược đãi các tù nhân, đã được Thiên Chúa mở mắt và nhận ra rằng Thánh Phaolô và Silas là đặc sứ của Thiên Chúa. Vì vậy, ông đã xin họ cho ông được ơn cứu độ nơi Thiên Chúa. Chính ông là người đã đem họ ra khỏi nhà tù và đem về nhà săn sóc những vết thương của họ và ngồi lắng nghe lời họ giảng dạy về Chúa Giêsu và ơn cứu rỗi của Ngài. Tất cả những người trong gia đình ông chủ ngục đã được rửa tội và nhận đức tin của Chúa Giêsu Kitô. Đây chính là một phép lạ!
Chúng ta không nên nản lòng và bỏ rơi bất cứ ai, không cần biết là họ xấu thế nào, bởi vì Thiên Chúa có sức mạnh hơn tội lỗi của chúng ta. Ngài có thể thay đổi chúng ta hoàn toàn nếu chúng ta tin vào Ngài và mong muốn được biến đổi theo như cách làm việc và sự suy nghĩ của Ngài. Những việc Chúa Thánh Thần làm là hủy bỏ hoàn toàn các việc làm của của ma quỷ và thánh hoá chúng ta. Vì vậy, chúng ta không nên sợ những điều ác vì Thiên Chúa đã chiến thắng ma quỷ và sự dữ trong ngày Chủ Nhật Chúa Phục Sinh.
In the first reading, several miracles occur. First, there is an earthquake and the chains of all the prisoners fall off. But the bigger miracle is that no one tries to escape. Most probably Paul talked to them and convinced them not to run away. However, the biggest miracle is about to happen. The jailer, who must have maltreated many of the prisoners, realizes that Paul and Silas are envoys of God. So he asks for salvation from God through them. He brings them to his house (still another miracle), washes their wounds and then sits down to listen to their preaching. All his family members are converted to the faith and are all baptized. Now that is a miracle!
Have you witnessed miracles in which people completely change the direction of their lives? It would be great to witness such miracles because they truly strengthen our faith in God. The conversion of St. Paul is one such miracle. Miraculous conversions are the work of the Holy Spirit. When the Holy Spirit touches a person, he can change immensely and is filled with zeal to obey God and His commands. We should not give up on anyone no matter how bad they might be because God is more powerful than our sins. He can change us totally if we believe in Him and desire to be converted to His way of doing and thinking. The work of the Holy Spirit is to undo the works of the devil. So we should not be afraid of the evil one because God has already triumphed on Easter Sunday over the prince of this world. The gospel says so.
Jesus said to his disciples: “Now I am going to the one who sent me, and not one of you asks me, ‘Where are you going?’ But because I told you this, grief has filled your hearts. But I tell you the truth, it is better for you that I go. For if I do not go, the Advocate will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.” John 16:5–7
Each of us experiences grief. The death of a loved one, the loss of a job, and a serious illness are a few of many immediate causes of grief. Jesus addresses the grief the disciples were experiencing as they listened to Him explain that He was going to the One Who sent Him, to the Father: “But because I told you this, grief has filled your hearts.”
It’s easy to relate to the disciples’ grief. Imagine that you find out that your best friend is moving to another state. You would have a deep sense of loss upon hearing the news. This is what the disciples were experiencing. The closeness they shared with Jesus was profoundly consoling to them. In Him, they learned so much and began to understand the purity and power of divine love, likely for the first time. The news of His departure filled them with grief.
Emotions are neither good nor bad; they are natural reactions to perceived goods or evils. The disciples’ initial perception of Jesus’ earthly departure was as an undesirable loss, so they felt grief. Jesus, fully understanding human nature, addressed their grief with great empathy. Simply identifying what they were feeling would have been a comfort to them. But Jesus goes further: “But I tell you the truth, it is better for you that I go. For if I do not go, the Advocate will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.”
At Jesus’ words, the disciples might have experienced the beginnings of hope, but they did not fully understand. Only after Jesus left them, ascended to the Father, and sent the Holy Spirit at Pentecost did they begin to understand. And only after living with the presence of the Holy Spirit in their lives for some time did they more fully comprehend the depth of this promise. This reflects our own spiritual journey; it takes time and openness for the wisdom of God’s plan to unfold in our lives.
Whenever we face grief or confusion, we would benefit from pondering this exchange between Jesus and the disciples. Romans 8:28 tells us, “We know that all things work for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose.” That means “all things,” not just some things. When we fully commit ourselves to God and His perfect will, everything we encounter has the potential to produce good fruit. Every sorrow, joy, cross, victory, or persecution, as well as all the emotions that accompany these experiences, is able to be used as an instrument of God’s grace in our lives, and through us, in the lives of others.
The reason this is so is because of God’s perfect wisdom. From the divine perspective, Jesus transformed suffering and death through His Cross and Resurrection, and nothing is beyond the reach of God’s power. God can use even something as painful as the tragic and sudden loss of a loved one for good.
Believing this instills hope in our lives, which is among the three most important virtues. Faith is the certain belief that God can work all things for good, and hope is the drive that moves us toward the fulfillment of that belief. Together, faith and hope produce charity, the greatest gift of all, the only gift that endures even in Heaven. Just as the disciples later understood the value of Jesus’ departure—when they received the Holy Spirit and discovered that the Lord they loved now lived within them, never to leave—so we too will come to that same realization when we open ourselves to the indwelling of the Holy Spirit through prayer, trust, and surrender to His guidance.
Reflect today on the moment in your life when you faced grief or loss. Offer that memory to God in prayer, asking Him to reveal how His grace was at work in that situation, bringing growth, healing, or a deeper understanding of His love. Ask the Holy Spirit to fill your heart with faith and hope, trusting that even in the face of sorrow, God’s perfect plan is unfolding for good.
Lord of perfect wisdom, I do believe that all things work for the good for those who love You. When I feel pain and grief, please give me hope. Holy Spirit, please come to me and dwell within me, so that all I experience will lead to the good You intend. Jesus, I trust in You.
1. The Spirit will Convince the World of Sin: We see the Holy Spirit at work in the First Reading. The Spirit urged Paul and Silas to proclaim the Gospel to the ends of the earth, strengthened them during unjust persecution, empowered them to cast out demons, and enlightened their minds so that they could teach others. The Spirit is the one, who “exposes the sin of unbelief for what it is (John 3:20), convinces the world that Christ, though condemned as a criminal, was truly righteous (John 8:46), and makes it known that Satan and every enemy of Christ will face judgment for rejecting him (John 5:26-29; 12:31)” (Ignatius Catholic Study Bible, 1920).
Jesus said to his disciples: “Now I am going to the one who sent me, and not one of you asks me, ‘Where are you going?’ But because I told you this, grief has filled your hearts. But I tell you the truth, it is better for you that I go. For if I do not go, the Advocate will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.” John 16:5–7
Jesus continues to speak prophetically to His disciples about the necessity for Him to go to the Father so that He can send the Holy Spirit. What’s interesting in this passage is that Jesus points out to His disciples that “grief” has filled their hearts because of what He has said to them. Clearly, this grief in their hearts is because they do not understand what they will soon experience and do not want their relationship with Jesus to change.
Throughout our lives, our Lord will call us to change. At times, He calls us away from that with which we are familiar and comfortable, and He calls us to something new. This can be frightening and can become the cause of “grief” for us also. To help, let’s consider this passage above in detail.
Recall that there were many times, prior to Jesus’ death, that Jesus slowly started to reveal to His disciples, especially to the Twelve, that He would be going to the Father and that He would no longer be with them in the way He had been. Jesus wanted the Twelve to begin to understand that their relationship with Him, with the Father and with the Holy Spirit would soon take on new meaning in their lives. But the fact that this was something new, a change to what they had grown accustomed, meant that they were more focused upon the grief that accompanies loss than they were focused upon the joy that awaited.
This same experience can often be found in all of our lives. Though dramatic change is not necessarily a regular occurrence throughout life, most everyone will experience change at various moments in life. And when that change occurs in accord with the will of God, it must be embraced with hope and great expectation.
For example, vocational changes, such as getting married, having children, or entering a religious vocation, always bring with it much change—but a change that God can use for much good. Also, the death of a loved one, a move to a new community, a new job or school, the establishment of new relationships and the like can be difficult but also fruitful. Since the Gospel passage above specifically refers to the change that comes from the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, it might be helpful to consider the fact that whenever some new change takes place in our lives, the Holy Spirit is there, waiting to enter into the new situation in ways we could have never imagined. So if you find yourself at times experiencing the grief of some loss, or difficulty with some new endeavor in life, know that the disciples experienced something similar. But in the end, Jesus’ words came true—“it is better for you that I go.” Though they did not want to see Jesus die and then ascend to Heaven out of their sight, this was part of the plan of God for their lives. So also when the changes we encounter in life are part of God’s divine plan, we can be certain that good things await.
Reflect, today, upon anything that our Lord may be asking of you in regard to a change in your life. Are you open, ready and willing to do whatever He asks? Or are you fearful or grieved by the thought of some change. Be open to anything our Lord asks of you and know that the full embrace of His holy will is the only path to true happiness in life.
My dear Jesus, You prepared Your disciples for the new life of grace that they would receive after Your death and Resurrection. Though fearful and uncertain, they embraced the new life You called them to live, and You did marvelous things through them. Please open my heart to the full embrace of my vocation and any changes that You desire for my life. I say “Yes” to You, my Lord, and pray that You work powerfully through me by the Holy Spirit. Jesus, I trust in You.
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